Implementation Of The BIM Technology Information Technology Essay

Implementation Of The BIM Technology Information Technology Essay Around the globe, designers have started using the new technology known as BIM which is still to be used by their Indian counterparts. Their reluctance to use this technology has held them back in aspects like walkthroughs and visualizations (Autodesk, 2005). There could be two factors for the lack of use of this technology. This technology is not known by the designers or the users of the Indian AEC industry lack the skills required to use this technology. BIM services are being outsourced by the Indian development centers to places like UK, U.S and the countries in Europe in order to avoid any delays, clashes on site, cost overruns etc. The Indian talent is being made use of by the AEC firms situated in U.K, U.S and the European countries. They are getting various advantages like the talent of Indian developers and low cost production (PRLog, 2007). Complex designs and projects are being built by Indian architects. There are requirements is aspects like integration and information technology, development, simulation, communication, coordination and knowledge sharing. At present, there is no standard consistency regarding the use of the BIM technology and the process of its implementation. This lack of uniformity has been acknowledged even by the Associated General Contractors of America. A lot of software firms have tried to get the best of BIM by developing programs pertaining to several parts of the BIM although none so far have looked at it as a transformation process. This is one of the reasons that we need to build a standard and make the implementation of the BIM technology on the global scale. Significance Architecture is a well to do field in India with a vast client base (Autodesk, 2005). The systems are according to the global standards which are managed by well trained staff of skilled people. There has been rapid modernization in the form of malls, IT parks, and residential complexes in India which has led to the demand of architects. India is still a developing country and is short on infrastructure in almost every sector (Autodesk, 2005). Construction and planning is taking place in full force at present. The low wages of worker has been a factor in using alternate automated solutions. The advantage of BIM however is found in savings and better system than the competitors. The time of turnaround is less which is a huge factor to gain a competitive edge. Firms in architecture should use this technology and stay ahead with the times by keeping in sync with the technology and engineering aspect of architecture. The design of a building should follow a non deterministic method rathe r than forming a closed opinion from the start. New architectural experiments can be performed with the help of this approach to achieve tectonic perfection. Purpose The use of BIM systems in combination with simulation and analytical tools helps in building of a prototype of the building, gain information related to activities of construction and performance even before breaking ground. High value is associated with such a prototype. BIM is useful in such situations as it encourages designers to improve the quality and efficiency by avoiding less than effective practices and making use of the best available techniques. It is necessary for BIM to create a digital model which can be used to ascertain schedule, quality take offs and estimates to lessen the effort and time spent on it. This is required to achieve the optimum benefit of BIM. The project purpose is to find the difficulties in front of Indian architects with regards to the use of BIM while being aware of the principles of the Indian AEC industry to create a strategy for implementation of BIM technology. Building Information Modeling or BIM is a process of documentation which gives information related to the various phases of a project like planning, construction, design, operation and facility management. It is a documentation process providing details of construction application and operational visualization, design coordination and scheduling. The main benefit of using BIM is the aspect of visual coordination used in building systems such as MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing). It is also useful in the identification of difficulties that can be taken care of before the construction of building resulting in savings in terms of time and money (Damian, Han Yan and Peter (1)). In a report by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, it was reported (NIST, 2004 (2)) regarding the lack of necessary interoperability that burdens the U.S facilities by around 15.8 billion dollars every year. The BIM technology application has thus far not been used in India but has the chance to use it on a large scale. Introduction Architectural Documentation of Structures BIM has enabled maturity of the Architectural Documentation. A properly maintained documentation using a system can be dated back to the Renaissance in the presentation of the plans for Santa Maria del Fiore by Fillippo Brunelleschi in Italy. The patron was made to understand the design of the building by means of drawings. Architectural Documentation has become more modern in its usage over the years. A data model can be created from the design process to the conceptual and operational phase with the computer aided software. A summary of the evolution of the Architectural Documentation ahs been mentioned in the following text. First phase- Early 1980s: The design documents before the year 1980 were made with the help of lines that would represent the building. The documents would be of the pattern of plan, elevation and section that acted as the base to show the picture of the building to be created. Second phase- At the start of the twenty first century: Building that are constructed nowadays are complex in nature than ever before. The drawings of the building are worked upon by a large number of people. There is a phenomenal increase in the number of buildings which can be owed to the technological advances. Buildings are constructed keeping in mind HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) and energy necessities. Computer technology helps in greatly reducing errors but one has to remember that the collections in the end are created manually in the form of text and lines. BIM Concept There is a change in the expectation and process taking place in the Indian construction field in lieu of the economic ups and downs and the architects have stepped up to the plate. There has been a change in the working of the more common 2D based practice related to economic, functional and energy. A single database can be used to share the disciplines in a project. Structure, architecture, electrical, mechanical, construction ad infrastructures are bind together and the coordination between all these factors is a tough task. Energy analysis can take place along with the design phase. The costs of construction have become predictable. With BIM, it is possible to use a parametric 3D model to generate automatically building documents like sections, plans, details, elevations and schedule. BIM supported software produces drawings that are in correlation with representation of the model. If there are any changes made in the project, they are coordinated in the rest of the project autom atically. This is a big advantage as there is lesser risk of coordination issues and helps in improving the quality of work on the whole. Various modeling software packages are known that can be used in the application of conceptual level models although they do not possess the capability of documenting a design for construction of a building. CAD and BIM The basic difference in Computer Aided Design or CAD and BIM is that CAD is a 2D document that is created separately and does not relate in any way to the other documents created separately. A wall is represented by two lines in CAD. A wall is created as an interactive tool in BIM that has its specifications like height, width, bearing and nonbearing principle, interior or exterior, fire rating, demolished or new and materials such as bricks and boards. All the information is assembled by the BIM platform into one single location and then goes on to cross link the data among its related objects. Linkage is not seen between the data that is developed by CAD. Comparative efficiency between BIM and CAD is seen in Table 1. In case of BIM, there are three types of information which is related to the model. Object based geometry- For instance; in BIM a window is an object with qualities similar to a real window rather than just being a collection of lines, points and surfaces. The wall receives a window when the window is placed in the wall by means of adjusting the geometry to fit the placement of the window. The wall allows the window o be placed in locations that are pre defined by the parameters that have been programmed for it. Parametric integrity is yet another feature of BIM geometry which relates to the connection between elements which are maintained consistently even when the model is being manipulated. For instance, suppose a window was programmed to a distance of four feet from a door and there is movement in the position of the window then the window automatically moves itself in order to maintain the distance of four feet from the door. The second form of information related to the BIM model is the non graphical information. It defines the structure and function of the model and any properties that are related to it like fire rating, cost, reflectivity, materials content and conductivity. There is a big list of these properties which is limited only by the information that is required the computation power required to process it. Linked information is the third form of information which is associated but not contained in the model directly. Gantt charts and fabricatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shop drawings used in scheduling and construction are two such examples of this form of information. A common incorrect assumption is that CAD relates to 2D design whereas BIM relates to 3D design. CAD technology can also be used for 3D designs. The main concern for any BIM service is whether the model that has been created is computable or not. Information regarding the model can be easily understood according too the modelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s purpose if the model is computable. For example, a 3D model wall that looks good will not be understood by the computer as a wall. The wall cannot insert a window in it and cannot be viewed as a wall created by raw materials. Another aspect of BIM is the Virtual Design and Construction or VDC. According to CIFE, VDC is defined as the use of multidisciplinary performance models of design construction projects. CIFE acknowledges BIM as a tool useful to support product design that is a part of VDC which highlights the organization, product and design construction operation team processes. It is said by some that BIM is more than design software and can be viewed as a module that involves the whole project team. Irrespective of the definition of BIM, the success in implementation of VDC or BIM lies in the coordination throughout all the project teams which is talked about in later parts of the paper. 1.2 Big BIM vendors There are many high roller vendors in the BIM technology market. REVIT is the creation of Autodesk that is directed towards the collection of all the building elements in a single database which helps in providing the users to see results of design modification quickly and enable them to identify interference issues. Bentley Systems makes use of another approach that produces a family of the application modules that relate to each other easily. The modules include Bentley Structural, Bentley architecture, Bentley Building Electrical Systems and Bentley Building Mechanical Systems. Graphisoft is another big name that was purchased by a German firm by the name of Nemetschek in the year 2006. The approach of their BIM is to make a virtual building model to support their main product ArchiCAD that would associate itself with other applications. At last, there is CATIA which was developed by Dassault Systemes that was created for the aerospace industry. It has been adapted by Gehry Technologies to use it in the AEC industry. 1.3 Contribution Building owners and developers lay the most emphasis on information modeling as said by publications related to BIM. A definitive framework to show the value in the life cycle of the creation of the building is missing. For instance, The Contractors Guide to BIM which is established by The Associated General Contractors of America is an informative and precise document with the focus being on BIM from the point of view of a contractor. Similarly, publications floated by fabrication or design related organizations show the perspective of their companies. It is clear from the above two statements that the content of the information on BIM is in favor of the organization who writes it which is more often than This paper is from the point of view of developers and owners who are the most important factor in the construction industry as these entities are responsible for the expense related to the creation of a building. 2 Methodologies Published information was used for the majority of data provided in this paper that contains the following- Journal and magazine articles Publications related to trade organizations Marketing publications and white papers by software vendors Presentation of practitioners Academic papers Case studies Surveys Architects, developers and researchers were interviewed like, Sera Architects and Gerding Edlen Development, LLC which are both outside of Portland., Oregon. The selection of the firms was based on their prior experience with valid developments and implementations of BIM. Researchers like John Kunz and Martin Fischer from Stanford University and Professor Chuck Eastman from Georgia Tech were interviewed. Selection of individuals was based on their expertise with BIM related techniques and architectural computing. The main criterion was to find out the reliability of the data with regards to the completion or near completion of the project. Case data from a yet to be started project has not been included since this paper is from the perspective of the developer. Statements from online publications, articles and interviews were not entirely in specification with the project and hence the same criterion was not used as the statements may refer to multiple project experiences. The different forms of data found in this paper ranges from quantitative data to qualitative opinions about time, cost and efficiency. Quantitative information on the performance of the project was taken into account to gauge the level of effectiveness of a particular modeling implementation or modeling. BIM technology is a fairly new concept and practitioners wanted to see proof of the value of the BIM implementation to a project before investing resources and time. The information from real projects shows this proof and the errors and lessons that have been learned from previous mistakes. The major portion if the quantified information seen in this paper is taken from development projects of major size like office and residential towers, schools, hotels and event centers. The bias in data is mainly due to lack of information on the use of BIM in small scale projects. There is a degree of uncertainty if the lack of information is the reason behind the application of BIM in small scale projects or whether the information related to small projects using BIM is not being published. Additional information on the small projects using BIM would further enhance the argument on the benefits of BIM. 2 Questionnaires 2.1 Objectives and sample This questionnaire has got two major objectives. The first is to survey and find the ratio of AEC companies in the U.S, U.K and other nations that use BIM. The next objective is to determine the benefits these companies enjoy from this technology. The AEC industry academics and practitioners were sent the questionnaire to fill up. Analysis was the focus for the two countries of U.K and U.S. U.S is clearly ahead of the rest in the development of the BIM technology. The companies in U.K have spent a lot of time to carry out research on this technology. Some of the companies are leaning towards this technology. Academics who participated in the research of BIM also took part in the questionnaire. Poverty Issue in Pakistan There are several facets to poverty in the country of Pakistan. The people suffering from poverty in Pakistan are secluded from basic amenities like clean drinking water, education, proper sanitation and health. This discourages them and their abilities while limiting their opportunities to get a safe and secure employment. This tends to the poor being secluded from society and exposes them to a sad affair of states. This problem only worsens as the government does not make any policies and plans for the betterment of these people and help them in the long run. The depth and extent of the poverty calculated from different ways based on different definitions and indices used but there is a general consensus regarding the shocking state of the people suffering from poverty. It has been agreed upon by all that the fight against poverty seen in the 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s has died down entirely. IF anything, the extent of poverty has only increased at the turn of the next decade as there was no per capita growth in GDP. The government in Pakistan on the basis of the information available regarding the current situation of the people living in poverty has agree with the IPRSP with respect to the trends in the prevalence of poverty. During this period, the Planning Division has enforced an official poverty line that is based on the norm of 2350 calories per adult per day. Strategy of poverty reduction The poverty reduction strategy has basically been put in place to help the needy who have long been suppressed by the conditions brought on to them on account of poverty. Those living under the poverty line in Pakistan have to face a lot of hardships on a daily basis and it is of essence to provide them with some facilities in order to improve their standard of living both socially and economically. The poverty reduction scheme of the Pakistan government is based on the following principles: Increasing the economic growth and keeping the macroeconomic condition stable. Human capital investment Expansion of social safety nets Bettering the governance The major steps and policies brought into effect by the Pakistan government are the following: Financial sector Reforms and Monetary Policy Market based indirect instruments are used to conduct the monetary policy in Pakistan. The free float exchange rate prevalent from July 2000 has meant that the monetary policy has a huge impact on the exchange rate, surpluses, rising current account and the liquidity as a result seen in the inter bank foreign exchange market, pressure exerted on the U.S$ and Rupee parity by H1-FY03. The state Bank of Pakistan has kept intact the cautious policy standpoint and mopped up the major portion of the excess liquidity from the inter bank market witch enabled the rupee to increase in value. The value of the rupee increased by just 3.1% throughout the period. The monetary standpoint adopted is unlikely to change if there is no shift in the inflation overview. There has been a drop in the average lending rates from fourteen percent in the NOV. 2001. To more than ten billion dollars in the recent time and the return from the National Savings Scheme instruments have decreased. The major parts of financial sector reforms are: Measures include elimination credit controls, interest rates and lower cash reserve ratio, development of financial market that include treasury bill market, inter bank market, increased competition, capital markets, high competition in between banks, foreign firms and privatization of financial institutions, strengthening prudential supervision and regulation, enforcement of anti money laundering law in FY04 made for establishment of Financial Intelligence Unit. The strategy for reducing strategy keeps in mind the social, economic and governance. The aim is to improve development that should be proportional to every citizen that includes the unemployed, poor, illiterate, ill health, poor sanitation and housing and unclean drinking water. The main objectives of the policy are: Providing the essential productive assets to those who are poor. Providing a safety net to take care of the very poor. Enhancing the capability of people with the help of human development programs. Providing the necessary resources to finance the programs made for reducing the poverty. Strengthening and reforming the institutions to deliver the public services in a better manner. Micro finance- The concept of micro credit has become a very helpful tool to enabling the poor in increasing their income. Reducing their vulnerability to shocks and building small businesses. Microfinance can be applied to more aspects like savings, credit and insurance as part of the broader services. This concept has many institutions like the First Microfinance bank, Kashf Foundation, First Women Bank and SME Bank. The disbursements and the beneficiaries of the microfinance can be seen in Table 10.1 for the period of 2008-2009, 2009-2010 and the target for 2010-2011. The State Bank of Pakistan has been very helpful in the encouragement that they have provided to Development Financial Institutions and banks to work towards the funding of Microfinance Institutions, NGOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and Microfinance Banks in order to achieve the targeted outreach. TO further enhance the passage of funds to the field of microfinance, The State Bank of Pakistan has developed a Microfinance Credit Guarantee Facility or MCFG which helps in easing the constraints on credit. This is viewed as an incentive by the microfinance institutions and ultimately helps the general public in their fight against poverty and to get a new lease of life in the right direction. In accordance with the MCFG facility, The State Bank of Pakistan provides a guarantee cover to a percentage of forty on the principal amount in the scenario of a partial Guarantee and to a percent of twenty five in the scenario of First Loss Default Guarantee on the facility of credit being extended to the qu alifying borrowing institution by the lending institution. The micro finance institutions that are in place currently are sure to be supported strongly by the development of service and product innovations and also the enhancement to the access of credit for women Microfinance services are set for a considerable amount of expansion that will be seen both horizontally and vertically which will help in the long run for the strengthening of the framework for the financial services being provided from the legal point of view.

Numerical Problems

Managerial Economics Numerical Problems DEMAND AND ELASTICITY OF DEMAND Problem 1 The following are demand and supply equations of a pen manufacturer. Qd = 5,00,000 – 50, 000 P Qs = -1,00,000 + 1,00,000 P Find 1. At what average price, level of demand is equal to zero. 2. At what average price, level of supply is equal to zero. 3. Calculate the equilibrium price and quantity. Problem 2 Yashika Limited manufactures an automatic camera that currently sells at uS$90. Sales volume is about 2,000 cameras per month in a city. A close competitor, Minolta, has cut the price of a similar camera it makes from US$ 100 to US$80. Yashika’s economist has estimated the arc cross elasticity of demand between the two rival firms’ products at about 0. 4, given current incomes and price levels. What impact, if any, will the action by Minolta have on the total revenue generated by Yahika, if it leaves its current price unchanged? YASHIKA |MINOLTA | |P1y = 90 |P1m = 100 | |Q1y = 2,000 |P2m = 80 | |Q2y = to be determined |Cross elasticity of demand = 0. 4 | Problem 3 Bajaj Appliances Ltd. manufactures a line of microwave ovens costing US$500 each. Its sales have averaged about 6,000 units per month during 2001. In June 2002, Bajaj’s closest competitor LG had cut its oven’s price from US$600 to US$450. Bajaj noticed that its sales volume declined to 4,500 units per month after the price cut by its rival LG. 1. What is the arc cross price elasticity of demand between the two? 2. Would you say that these two firms are very close competitors? 3. If Bajaj knows that the arc price elasticity of demand for its ovens is –3. 0, what price it would have charged to sell same number of units it did before its rival LG resorted to a price cut? Problem 4 Demand for mobile phone handsets by a popular company in Bangalore city is estimated to be Qd = 2,50,000- 35P. If this relationship is approximately valid for next year also, 1. How many mobile phones would be demanded at a price of Rs. 2,000, 4,000, and 6,000 a set? 2. Compute the arc price elasticity between 2,000 and 4,000; 4,000 and 6,000. 3. Calculate point elasticity at 2,000, 4,000 and 6,000. 4. If last year 25,000 units were sold, what would have been the average price? 5. What is the highest theoretical price for the mobile handset in Bangalore for this seller? Problem 5 The demand function for wall clocks in a city has been estimated to be Q= 2000 +15Y-5. 5P Where Y is income in thousand rupees, Q is quantity in units, and P is unit price. When P=150, y =15, find 1. Price elasticity of demand 2. Income elasticity of demand Problem 6 Two goods have a cross elasticity of +1. 2 1. Would describe them as substitutes or compliments? Give examples for supporting the category that you chose. 2. If price of one of the two rises by 5%, ceteris paribus, what happens to the Qd of the other? Problem 7 The demand for lunches in an institute canteen was estimated to be Q= 16,415. 21-262. 743P, where Q= lunches served, P= price in rupees. 1. Compute the price elasticity of demand at a price of Rs. 40, Rs. 50 per lunch 2. What is the arc price elasticity of demand between the prices 40 and 50? Problem 8 Pepsodent sells a toothbrush for Rs. 25. Its sales have averaged 8,000 units per month over the last year. Recently, its close competitor, Colgate, reduced the price of its product from Rs. 35 to Rs. 30 per toothbrush. As a result, Pepsodent’s sales declined by 1,500 units per month. . What is their cross elasticity? What relationship it indicates? 2. If Pepsodent knows that it has a cross elasticity of –1. 5 with Colgate, how much it should now charge to restore previous sales after the price cut by Colgate? (Assume Colgate retains its price at Rs. 30 itself and does not retaliate). 3. What is the total monthly revenue of Pepsodent before and after the price change in (2 ) above? 4. Is the result in part (3) above necessarily desirable? What other factors would have to be taken into consideration?

Music Appreciation Paper

Every musical needs two things script and music, the musical that I saw at the civic center â€Å"A Funny Thing Happened on the way to the Forum. † It is witty characters and humorous songs made it a delight to see and you left with a smile. The music was the best out of the whole play. The orchestra was small having a piano, two violins, bass guitar, reed one and two, trumpet one and two, trombone, and percussion each instrument being a big part of production. The play starts with a song â€Å"comedy to night† giving a background in the streets of ancient Rome of three houses.The center of the house Senex who lives there with his wife Domina, son Hero, and the many slaves them owned. Hero has his own slave Pseudolus who is the main character and head slave Hysteria. One of the other neighbors is owned my Marcus Lycus, the house is a whorehouse. The other neighbor is Erronius who has been gone for many years trying to find his children who were abducted my pirates. Thin g singer who plays Pseudolus tone was raspy, pitch high, two beats, and tempo allegro the music flowed well and pulling the audience in quickly with it being very humorous.I thought the texture was monophonic being only one person singing the song and form being AB. The song ends giving a summary of the whole play, and it goes on to the next song. Hero the son of Senex has fallen in love with a girl who he has never spoken too. He starts to sing â€Å"love, I hear† his tone was rich, pitch was high, dynamic was mezzo forte, the tempo of the song was allegro it was a lovely song that expressed his love for a girl he has never spoken to. The song had two beats with the texture of the music monophonic because it was only one person singing it. After he ends he tells his slave Pseudolus if you get me that girl.I will let you be free and Pseudolus is so shocked that he cannot believe it and starts to sing â€Å"free† his texture is very raspy, with tempo vivace, and dynamic s Mezzo Piano. The pitch is high and form verse course and recitative singing like speech. This song was very funny and a great laugh. The play goes on to Pseudolus and Hero trying to think of plan so they go to Lycus house to find the girl to buy her from Lycus. When the song â€Å"the house of Marcus Lycus† starts to play, this song is made more dancing then singing the pitch is low, form was verse then instrumental, the tempo moderato, and dynamic mezzo forte.This song has a lot of bras and saxophone. The next song â€Å"lovely† where tone color of Hero is dark and Philia is bright, the pitch is high, the dynamics is forte, tempo of the music was andante, and with each the song being four beats. Pseudolus tries to keep them together; however, one problem Philia is to be married to the Caption a general for Rome. They Pseddolus, Philia, and hero start singing about what their life could be called â€Å"pretty little picture† it is high pitch, a funny song with the dynamic being forte.The form is verse, chores, verse, chores, and the texture homophonic because it had three people singing it. Pseudolus tells hero to hide Philia in the house while he goes to find away to keep them together. However, Philia is not smart at all and does not know what her husband looks like and gets confused with Heroes father Senex and he thinks Philia is a new maid Hysterium brought on. An a new song begins â€Å"Everyone Ought have a Maid† the song is sung by Senex whose tone is bright, then Psedulous comes in with a raspy tone, and then Hysterium who comes in at the end and tone being mellow.The texture for this song starts monophonic, then because Psedulous joins in it becomes polyphonic, and then because Hysterium joins in to the end it becomes homophonic with all three singing together. The tempo was vivace with the three men, pitch was high, the form was verse, chores, verse, chores, and with two beats. After the song ends Senex hides from his w ife and goes to take a bath and tells Hysterium to bring the maid Phila after he finishes into Erronius house where Senex was staying. But while this is happening, Erronius returns home, finally having given up the search for his long-lost children.Hysterium, desperate to keep him out of the house where his master is bathing, tells the old man that his house has become haunted – a story seemingly confirmed by the sound of Senex singing in his bath. Erronius immediately determines to have a soothsayer come and banish the spirit from his house, and Pseudolus obligingly poses as one, telling Erronius that in order to banish the spirit, he must travel seven times around the seven hills of Rome (thus keeping the old man occupied and out of the way for quite a while). Hysterium starts to go crazy and sings â€Å"I’m Calm† the music has a lot of plucking from the strings.The tone was mellow, with only one beat, pitch was high, and tempo Presto, dynamic is fortissimo, A B form, one beat. The story goes on to Histerium not bring Phila to Senex who she thinks is Miles Glorious. However, Phila comes out and goes and hugs Hero while Senex sees and Phila then winks at Senex. Both men are confused and wonder what the heck is happening. They start to sing â€Å"impossible† the pitch was high, tempo vivace, dynamics mezzo forte, texture polyphonic, form verse chores, and tome color for the father Senex was bright and Hero the son was dark.After the song the captain Miles Gloriosus comes into town and comes for his bride who he paid for Phila. He starts to sing ‘Bring me my Bride† his tone color was dark, four beats, tempo allegro, texture homophonic, pitch low and form verse, chores. They finished the song and Act one ended. Then Act two starts with Complicating matters further, Domina returns from her trip early, suspicious that her husband Senex is â€Å"up to something low. † She disguises herself in virginal white robes and a veil (much like Philia's) to try to catch Senex being unfaithful.She starts to sing â€Å"that dirty old man† out of the whole cast, I hated her voice she was screaming the song and belting all the words. Her tone color was bright, two beats, pitch was high, tempo allegro, dynamics forte, texture is monophonic, and AB form. The story goes on where Hero and Phila in front of all three houses and wishing they could be with each other. They try to think of a plan, but they had nothing so Phila start to sing â€Å"That’ll show him† in this song Phila is telling Hero that when she is kissing the Captain, but she will be thinking of Hero and kiss the Captain more. She is not the smartest girl.Her tone color was bright, pitch high, tempo allegretto, texture monophonic, two beats, and form verse, chores. Pseudolus convinces Hysterium to help him by dressing in  drag and pretending to be Philia, â€Å"dead† from the plague. An starts to sing â€Å"lovely (repri se)† to make him feel beautiful and confident to be a girl even though he is a guy. His pitch was moderate; tempo andante, dynamic mezzo forte, he is tone color was rich because he was a smoker, and texture monophonic. While Hysterium is acting like Phila dead the captain wants a big funeral for her so all the slave girls and soldiers are there morning her.And the â€Å"funeral sequence† starts in the song there were words from Miles Gloriosus and everyone else doing a melodic crying. In the whole play this is the only song that has three beats, pith moderate, tempo andante, AB form, dynamic mezzo piano, and texture monophonic. Unfortunately, it turns out that Miles Gloriosus has just returned from Crete, where there is of course no actual plague. With the trick revealed, the main characters run for their lives, resulting in chase with both Miles and Senex pursuing all three Philae’s; Domina, Hysterium, and the actual Philia – all wearing identical white r obes and veils.Meanwhile, the whores from the house of Marcus Lycus who had been recruited as mourners at Philia’s ersatz funeral have escaped, and Lycus sends his  eunuch  out to bring them all back, adding to the chaos. Finally, the Captain's troops are able to round everyone up. Pseudolus appears to be in deep trouble; however, Erronius, completing his third circuit of the Roman hills, shows up unexpectedly to discover that Miles Gloriosus and Philia are wearing matching rings which mark them as his long-lost children. Philia's betrothal to the Captain is canceled by the unexpected surprise that he's her brother.Philia weds Hero; Pseudolus gets his freedom and the lovely slave girl Gymnasia; Gloriosus receives twin courtesans to replace Philia; Erronius gets his children, and a happy ending prevails for all – except for poor Senex, stuck with his shrewish wife Domina. It ends with are last song â€Å"final comedy tonight† with Pseudolus singing and then e veryone joins in. the pitch is high, tempo allegro, dynamics mezzo forte, texture polyphonic, AB form, two beats, and the genre of all the songs would be a musical comedy. This musical was fun and delight to see and if I could see it again I would.For my cousins birthday we got to go to Taylor Swift concert in South Carolina where I stayed for spring break with family. On March 23 we went and it was amazing, there was seventeen songs she sang and also Ed Sheeran as her opening act. It was load and a lot of fun, their genre of both singers was pop. Ed Sheeran was the opening act singing A-Team pitch low, two beats, texture monophonic, dynamic piano, tempo moderato. The next song he played â€Å"give me love† pitch high, tempo allegretto, dynamics crescendo, texture monophonic, and tone color was dark. He did sing more songs; however, I came late so I only got to here two of his songs.Then the amazing Taylor Swift came on and started to sing â€Å"state of grace† pitch w as high, dynamic crescendo, tempo allegretto, and texture monophonic. Taylor’s next song was â€Å"holy ground† pitch was moderate, dynamic forte, tempo presto, two beats, and form verse, chores. She is an inspiration to all girls who want to be themselves and to have fun. Her voice never wavered and kept going to the very end. Her next song â€Å"you belong with me† which is one of my favorite songs from her. Her pitch was high, dynamic mezzo forte, tempo allegretto, form verse, chores, and two beats.She does clothing change and goes to the next song â€Å"the lucky one† pitch low, temp moderato, dynamic mezzo piano, and texture polyphonic. Her next song which is now her signature â€Å"red† tempo moderato, pitch high, dynamic mezzo forte, texture monophonic, and two beats. †the lucky one† pitch high, dynamics mezzo forte, tempo moderato, and form verse, chores. She starts to sing after giving an inspirational speech â€Å"mean† tempo allegretto, dynamic mezzo forte, texture homophonic, and two beats. She starts to sing after giving an inspirational speech â€Å"mean† tempo allegretto, dynamic mezzo forte, texture homophonic, and two beats.Next song â€Å"stay stay stay† texture homophonic, tempo vivace, pitch moderato, and dynamic crescendo. She changes into another outfit and starts to sing â€Å"22† her tone color bright, tempo vivace, and pitch high. She changes again and talks to the fans and tells that this most requested and plays acoustic â€Å"starlight† pitch low, texture monophonic, two beats, and dynamic mezzo piano. The next song was a duet with Ed Sheeran and Taylor Swift called â€Å"everything has changed† texture polyphonic, dynamic mezzo forte, tempo moderato, and form verse, chores.The next song is her and her guitar â€Å"begin again† pitch low, tempo andante, dynamic mezzo piano, and texture monophonic. Her next song â€Å"sparks fly† wh ich she starts playing on a twelve string guitar. Pitch is high, tempo is allegro, and dynamic forte. Taylor’s next song starts off with her violinist making an awesome entrance. Then Taylor comes out in a new outfit singing â€Å"I knew you were trouble† pitch was high, tempo presto, dynamic forte, and form verse, chores. She goes on the piano and talks to fans about writing her songs and being amazing and then starts to sing. All too well† pitch was low, tempo adagio, dynamic piano, and texture monophonic. Taylor changes and comes out of the stage singing â€Å"love story† pitch high, tempo allegretto, and two beats. Taylor changes again and starts to sing â€Å"Treacherous† pitch low, tempo moderato, and dynamic is mezzo piano. The last song â€Å"we are never getting back together† which is a fun high pitch song, tempo is vivace, dynamic forte, and two beats. I loved the play and the concert, learning about the music was fun and I learned a lot. I won’t look at music the same.

Social Classroom Activities to Build Social Skills

Students with disabilities, especially developmental disabilities, suffer from significant deficits in good social skills.  They often cannot initiate interactions, they often dont understand what makes a social transaction appropriate for setting or players, they often dont get enough appropriate practice. Always a Need for Social Skill Development Using these fun activities helps model and promote healthy interactions and teamwork within the classroom. Use the activities found here a regularly to help develop good habits, and youll soon see improvement with students in your classroom who need help developing social skills. These activities, embedded in a self-contained program as part of a daily routine, provide students with lots of opportunities for frequent practice getting used to appropriate interactions. Shaky Day Pick a consistent day of the week (Fridays are great) and the dismissal practice is to have each student shake two students hands and say something personal and nice. For instance, Kim shakes Bens hand and says, Thanks for helping me tidy my desk, or, I really liked the way you played dodgeball at gym. Some teachers use this method as each child leaves the classroom. The teacher shakes the students hand and says something positive. Social Skill of the Week Pick a social skill and use it for the focus of the week. For instance, if your skills of the week is showing responsibility, the word responsibility goes on the board. The teacher introduces the words and talks about what it means to be responsible. Students brainstorm ideas of what it means to be responsible. Throughout the week, students are given opportunities to comment on responsible behavior as they see it. At the end of the day or for bell work, have students talk about what theyve been doing or what they did that showed acting responsibility. Social Skill Weekly Goals Have students set social skill goals for the week. Provide opportunities for students to demonstrate and tell how theyre sticking to their goals. Use this as the exit dismissal key each day. For instance, each child states how they met their goal that day: I cooperated today by working well with Sean on my book report. Negotiation Week Many students requiring additional help with social skills usually need support to negotiate properly. Teach the skill of negotiation by modeling and then reinforcing through some role play situation. Provide opportunities for conflict resolution. Works well if situations arise in class or on the yard. Good Character Submission Box Keep a box with a slot in it. Ask students to put a slip in the box when they observe good character. For instance, John tidied up the coat room without being asked. Students that are reluctant writers will need to have their complement scribed for them. Then the teacher reads the slips from the good character box at the end of the week. Teachers should also participate. Social Circle Time At circle time, have each child say something pleasant about the person next to them as they go around the circle. This can be theme based (cooperative, respectful, generous, positive, responsible, friendly, empathetic etc.) and change every day to stay fresh. Mystery Buddies Put all the student names in a hat. A child draws a student name and they become the students mystery buddy. The mystery buddy then offers compliments, praise and does nice things for the student. The students can then guess their mystery buddy at the end of the week. You can also incorporate social skills worksheets for more help. Welcoming Committee The welcoming committee can consist of 1-3 students who are responsible for welcoming any visitors to the class. If a new student starts, the welcoming committee makes sure they feel welcome and they also help them with the routines and become their buddies. Good Solutions This activity takes some help from other teaching staff members. Have teachers leave you notes of the conflicts that have arisen on the yard or in the classroom. Collect these as often as you can. Then within your own classroom, present the situation that have happened, ask the students to role play it or to come up with positive problem solving solutions and practical advice to avoid repeats of the incidents.